Roman Empire 1 antoninien 265-266 Gallienus - Antoninianus, Pietas - 265 / 266 Mediolanum VF

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Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG

Reverse: PIETAS AVG

The reverse depicts Pietas, the personification of Piety, shown standing, draped and facing left, with both arms raised in a gesture of offering or prayer. At her feet, to the left, stands an altar, a classic iconographic element associated with this deity in Roman imperial coinage.

Gallienus reigned in a context of profound instability. Following the capture of his father Valerian by the Sasanians in 260, he found himself the sole ruler of a deeply weakened Empire, simultaneously confronted with the secession of the Gallic Empire in the west and the rise of the Kingdom of Palmyra in the east. Repeated incursions by Germanic peoples across the Rhine and Danube further compounded the difficulties of defending the frontiers. The Milan mint, strategically located, played an essential role in supplying coinage to the armies operating in northern Italy.

In this troubled context, the invocation of Pietas carried an unmistakable political dimension. This fundamental virtue of Roman tradition referred to respect for the gods, ancestors, and the established order. By placing it prominently on his coin issues, Gallienus asserted his religious legitimacy and his attachment to Rome's traditional values, thereby seeking to reinforce an imperial authority sorely tested by the successive crises of the third century.

 

 

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