Sweden /Livonia Solidus 1632-1697 Riga, Livonia, Kristina, Carl X Gustav, Carl XI, 18pc G-/VF+

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Livonia, Riga Solidus: A Numismatic and Historical Overview

Historical Context:

Livonia, a historical region encompassing modern-day Latvia and Estonia, was under various influences throughout history, with a notable period being the Swedish occupation during the 17th century. This era saw the minting of coins like the Livonia Riga solidus under the reigns of Queen Christina, King Carl X Gustav, and King Carl XI.

Queen Christina (1632-1654): Christina inherited the throne at a very young age after the death of her father, Gustav II Adolf. Her reign saw the continuation of Sweden's imperial policies, including the control over Livonia. During her rule, coins like the Riga solidus were minted, bearing her monogram and inscriptions that reflect her royal titles.
King Carl X Gustav (1654-1660): Carl X Gustav continued the consolidation of Swedish power in Livonia. His coinage, including the Riga solidus, often featured his monogram and symbols like the crossed keys of Riga or the griffin of Livonia, reflecting both local and royal symbolism.
King Carl XI (1660-1697): Known for his reduction policies which strengthened the Swedish crown's financial position, Carl XI's period was marked by significant administrative reforms. The solidus from this time continued to bear his monogram and inscriptions, with variations in design that might include the year of minting or other symbolic elements.

Numismatic Details:

Material and Design: These solidi were typically struck in billon, a low-grade silver alloy, which was common for small denominations in this period. The designs were relatively simple, featuring the monarch's monogram on one side, often surrounded by inscriptions indicating the ruler's titles, and on the reverse, symbols or inscriptions denoting the city of Riga or Livonia.
Variations:
Christina's Solidus: Showcases her monogram with inscriptions like "CHRISTINA · D · G · D · R · S ·" which stands for "Christina, by the Grace of God, Queen of Sweden."
Carl X Gustav’s Solidus: Might have the crossed keys of Riga or a griffin, symbolizing Livonia, with inscriptions such as "CAROLVS · D · G · REX · S · CR."
Carl XI's Solidus: Often marked by the year and his monogram, with legends like "SOLIDVS · LIVONIÆ ·" signifying the coin's denomination and origin.
Counterfeits: The era also saw the production of counterfeits, notably from Suceava in Romania, which were made to either economically destabilize Livonia or to alleviate local financial issues in Moldavia. These counterfeits can be identified by their typically coppery appearance and sometimes incorrect or fictitious dates.

Collectibility and Value:

These coins are of interest to numismatists for their historical significance, reflecting the complex political landscape of the Baltic region under Swedish rule. The value of these coins varies based on condition, rarity, and authenticity, with genuine pieces from Christina's reign being particularly sought after due to her brief and dramatic tenure. Counterfeit pieces, while historically interesting, might also hold value for collectors interested in the broader narrative of currency in the period.

Conclusion:

The Livonia Riga solidus from the reigns of Christina, Carl X Gustav, and Carl XI is a testament to the Swedish influence in the Baltic region during the 17th century. These coins not only served as currency but also as carriers of political and cultural identity, providing insights into the numismatic and historical tapestry of the time

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