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AR Tetradrachm 440-420 BC v. Chr. SICILIA (SICILY), SELINOUS (SELINUS / SELINUNTE) - circa 440-420 BC cf. Hess-Divo Auction 329, lot 22 in vf (SFR 10.00
Munthandel G.Henzen 
10
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weight 17,32gr. | silver Ø 27mm.
obv. Artemis, holding reins in both hands, driving quadriga right beside her,
Apollo standing right, drawing bow, barley grain in exergue
rev. River god Selinos, nude, standing facing, head left, holding in right hand a phiale
over lighted altar, cradling in left arm a palm frond decorated with fillet before altar,
cock standing left to right, selinon leaf above bull standing left on basis
ΣEΛ-INONTI-ON around. Selinous was an ancient Greek city on the south-western coast of Sicily in Italy. It was situated between the valleys of the Cottone and Modione rivers. It was founded, according to the historian Thucydides, by a colony from the Sicilian city of Megara Hyblaea, under the leadership of a man called Pammilus, about 100 years after the foundation of Megara Hyblaea, with the help of colonists from Megara in Greece, which was Megara Hyblaea′s mother city. The date of its foundation cannot be precisely fixed, as Thucydides indicates it only by reference to the foundation of Megara Hyblaea, which is itself not accurately known, but it may be placed about 628 BC. Diodorus places it 22 years earlier, or 650 BC, and Hieronymus still further back in 654 BC. The name is supposed to have been derived from quantities of wild celery that grew on the spot. For the same reason, they adopted the celery leaf as the symbol on their coins. At its peak before 409 BC the city may have contained up to 30.000 people, excluding slaves. Spring 409 BC the Carthaginians sent over a vast army containing 100.000 men, according to the lowest ancient estimate, led by Hannibal Mago. The army landed at Lilybaeum, and directly marched from there to Selinunte. According to sources, 16.000 of the citizens of Selinunte were killed, 5.000 were taken prisoner, and 2.600 escaped to Akragas. The city has never recovered from the event. In the 4th and 3rd century it was controlled by different rulers. Around 250 BC, the city was finally destroyed by the Carthaginians. The inhabitants were moved to Libybaeum.
Selinous was one of the first Sicilian cities to issue coins, commencing circa 540-530 BC, striking staters probably initially on the Corinthian standard, but later on the Attic. The name of the city is thought to have been derived from the name of the wild celery that grew in the area, known as selinon. Indeed, early staters depicted a large selinon leaf as the obverse type, but these were eventually superseded by Syracusan-inspired chariot designs such as the present tetradrachm. However the selinon leaf as a motif was not entirely abandoned and the later coinage retained this early emblem of the city on the reverse as an adjunct symbol as can be seen in this example. The connection with Syracuse was not limited to the influence of the iconography of their coinage, however: the people of Selinos are mentioned by Diodorus as being amongst the Sicilian allies who rallied together to expel the last tyrant of Syracuse in 466/467 BC, Thrasyboulos (Diodorus Siculus, Biblioteca Historica, xi.68). The obverse of this coin therefore can be seen to hint at the relationship between the two cities beyond surface artistry. It may also refer to Selinous′ mother city, Megara, as Apollo and Artemis are the patron deities of that city.
Two other subordinate elements of the reverse design are present which have attracted considerable attention - the cockerel before an altar, and the bull set upon a platform. Since the bull and its platform vary considerably in form and style from one die to the next, a local statue is ruled out as a possibility. A. H. Lloyd (N.C. 1935) considered these two symbols to represent the long-standing friendship of Selinous with Himera, since the cockerel was the principal type of Himera and he identified the bull as the infamous brazen bull of the tyrant Phalaris of Akragas, in which he is said to have roasted his enemies alive, on the basis that Himera was one of the important acquisitions of Phalaris in his quest to become master of Sicily.
Both symbols are rendered in exquisite detail, the miniature bull easily the equal of any Thourians. The principal element of the reverse however is a real tour de force. The figure is the river-god Selinos, portrayed as an idealised nude youth holding a phiale and carefully detailed laurel branch, set with a wreath of laurels about his brow. The level of anatomical detail lavished on this depiction of the river-god is nothing less than sublime from the toned calves and well-built thighs and torso, to the rippled skin above the knee and the hollow in front of the elbow, no effort has been spared on the part of the engraver. We should not be in any doubt that the individual responsible for this masterpiece was certainly in the first rank of die engravers active in mid-late fifth century Sicily. cf. Hess-Divo Auction 329, lot 22 in vf (SFR 10.000 + 20%) BMC 32 | SNG.Copenhagen 600var. | Schwabacher MBNG XLIII,1925, no.19a |
HGC 2, 1221 | SNG.ANS.697-698 | SNG Lloyd 1237 | Gillet 498 | Hunterian 7 |
McClean 2577 | Rizzo pl. XXXIII, 3 | Kunstfreund 103var. R
Attractive toning. Rare.
vf
obv. Artemis, holding reins in both hands, driving quadriga right beside her,
Apollo standing right, drawing bow, barley grain in exergue
rev. River god Selinos, nude, standing facing, head left, holding in right hand a phiale
over lighted altar, cradling in left arm a palm frond decorated with fillet before altar,
cock standing left to right, selinon leaf above bull standing left on basis
ΣEΛ-INONTI-ON around. Selinous was an ancient Greek city on the south-western coast of Sicily in Italy. It was situated between the valleys of the Cottone and Modione rivers. It was founded, according to the historian Thucydides, by a colony from the Sicilian city of Megara Hyblaea, under the leadership of a man called Pammilus, about 100 years after the foundation of Megara Hyblaea, with the help of colonists from Megara in Greece, which was Megara Hyblaea′s mother city. The date of its foundation cannot be precisely fixed, as Thucydides indicates it only by reference to the foundation of Megara Hyblaea, which is itself not accurately known, but it may be placed about 628 BC. Diodorus places it 22 years earlier, or 650 BC, and Hieronymus still further back in 654 BC. The name is supposed to have been derived from quantities of wild celery that grew on the spot. For the same reason, they adopted the celery leaf as the symbol on their coins. At its peak before 409 BC the city may have contained up to 30.000 people, excluding slaves. Spring 409 BC the Carthaginians sent over a vast army containing 100.000 men, according to the lowest ancient estimate, led by Hannibal Mago. The army landed at Lilybaeum, and directly marched from there to Selinunte. According to sources, 16.000 of the citizens of Selinunte were killed, 5.000 were taken prisoner, and 2.600 escaped to Akragas. The city has never recovered from the event. In the 4th and 3rd century it was controlled by different rulers. Around 250 BC, the city was finally destroyed by the Carthaginians. The inhabitants were moved to Libybaeum.
Selinous was one of the first Sicilian cities to issue coins, commencing circa 540-530 BC, striking staters probably initially on the Corinthian standard, but later on the Attic. The name of the city is thought to have been derived from the name of the wild celery that grew in the area, known as selinon. Indeed, early staters depicted a large selinon leaf as the obverse type, but these were eventually superseded by Syracusan-inspired chariot designs such as the present tetradrachm. However the selinon leaf as a motif was not entirely abandoned and the later coinage retained this early emblem of the city on the reverse as an adjunct symbol as can be seen in this example. The connection with Syracuse was not limited to the influence of the iconography of their coinage, however: the people of Selinos are mentioned by Diodorus as being amongst the Sicilian allies who rallied together to expel the last tyrant of Syracuse in 466/467 BC, Thrasyboulos (Diodorus Siculus, Biblioteca Historica, xi.68). The obverse of this coin therefore can be seen to hint at the relationship between the two cities beyond surface artistry. It may also refer to Selinous′ mother city, Megara, as Apollo and Artemis are the patron deities of that city.
Two other subordinate elements of the reverse design are present which have attracted considerable attention - the cockerel before an altar, and the bull set upon a platform. Since the bull and its platform vary considerably in form and style from one die to the next, a local statue is ruled out as a possibility. A. H. Lloyd (N.C. 1935) considered these two symbols to represent the long-standing friendship of Selinous with Himera, since the cockerel was the principal type of Himera and he identified the bull as the infamous brazen bull of the tyrant Phalaris of Akragas, in which he is said to have roasted his enemies alive, on the basis that Himera was one of the important acquisitions of Phalaris in his quest to become master of Sicily.
Both symbols are rendered in exquisite detail, the miniature bull easily the equal of any Thourians. The principal element of the reverse however is a real tour de force. The figure is the river-god Selinos, portrayed as an idealised nude youth holding a phiale and carefully detailed laurel branch, set with a wreath of laurels about his brow. The level of anatomical detail lavished on this depiction of the river-god is nothing less than sublime from the toned calves and well-built thighs and torso, to the rippled skin above the knee and the hollow in front of the elbow, no effort has been spared on the part of the engraver. We should not be in any doubt that the individual responsible for this masterpiece was certainly in the first rank of die engravers active in mid-late fifth century Sicily. cf. Hess-Divo Auction 329, lot 22 in vf (SFR 10.000 + 20%) BMC 32 | SNG.Copenhagen 600var. | Schwabacher MBNG XLIII,1925, no.19a |
HGC 2, 1221 | SNG.ANS.697-698 | SNG Lloyd 1237 | Gillet 498 | Hunterian 7 |
McClean 2577 | Rizzo pl. XXXIII, 3 | Kunstfreund 103var. R
Attractive toning. Rare.
vf
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