cf. Roma Numismatics auction XVII, lot 710 (about unc GBP 30.000 + 20%). | 缩写
Livia
19.00 mm
weight 7,62gr. | gold Ø 19mm.
obv. Laureate head of Tiberius right, surrounded by the legend TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS rev. Female (Livia as Pax?) seated right on chair, holding sceptre and olive-branch, PONTIF in front, MAXIM behind
The reverse shows us a female figure, which is frequently assumed to be Livia, Tiberius′s mother and Augustus′s wife of fifty-three years. Livia is depicted as the Roman deity for peace, Pax. This reverse type was already introduced by Augustus, who had both aurei and denarii of this type minted in his last year of reign, 13-14 AD (RIC 219-220). The inscription around her, ″PONTIF MAXIM″, refers to the title of Pontifex Maximus, a title held by each of the Roman Emperors and signified the religious authority held by the Roman Emperor.
When Octavianus received the title of Augustus, the "majestic", "great" or "venerable", from the Senate in 27 BC, he became the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He decided that the emperor would henceforth also be the pontifex maximus, leaving the choice of the other pontificals to the emperor. Originally, during the Roman Republic (509 BC - 27 BC), pontifex maximus was the title for the highest temple judge, the pontifex maximus stood as supreme judge above the sacerdotes (priests/judges), who dealt with sacred law (ius sacrum, also translated as jurisdiction, the jurisdiction for people who could not go to the civil court), in other words: the law about war and peace and the rights of freedom. Originally, the title was very prestigious, but with the passage of the lex Ogulnia (Latin: the law of Ogulnius) in 300 BC, plebeians could also run for the office. From around the same period, the pontifex maximus was elected by the popular assembly, and from 100 BC, this also applied to the other pontificals. The pontifex maximus thus became the chief high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome. This was the most important position in the ancient Roman religion.
cf. Roma Numismatics auction XVII, lot 710 (about unc GBP 30.000 + 20%).
Cohen 15 | RIC 25 (R2) | BMC 30 | Sear 1760 | Calicó 305R Well centered and sharply struck specimen of excellent style. xf
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