Poland (Bydgoszcz) Dreipölker / AR 1½ Groschen / Półtorak 1623 Sigismund III Vasa (1587-1632) NGC MS 61

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Certification details

Certification number: 8361354-017

Grade: MS 61

NGC collectible ID: 752227

Nominal value: 3P

Mint Mark: POLAND

Year: 1623

Obv.: Crowned shield bearing the quartered Arms of Poland and Lithuania, Vasa Arms at center, value 3 below; “SIGIS 3 D G – REX P M D L”.
Rev.: Orb, with 24 (1/24 Thaler), date (16)2 - 3 across field; mintmaster’s sign below; “*MONE NO – REG*POLO*

The Poland Bydgoszcz Dreipölker 1623 of Sigismund III Vasa: A Numismatic and Historical Treasure

Historical Context

During the reign of Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632), the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth stood as one of Europe’s great powers, with its vast territories encompassing modern-day Poland, Lithuania, and beyond. The Bydgoszcz mint, a vital economic hub, produced coinage to support the Commonwealth’s thriving trade and ambitious political agenda. The Dreipölker, also known as Półtorak or 1½ Groschen (equivalent to 1/24 Thaler), was a silver coin widely used for everyday transactions. Struck in 1623, this coin reflects the economic resilience and cultural unity of the Commonwealth during a period marked by military conflicts with Sweden and the Ottoman Empire, as well as internal religious and political tensions under Sigismund III’s rule.

The Coin: Design and Characteristics

Cataloged as Górecki B.23.3.b and Kopicki 862, the 1623 Bydgoszcz Dreipölker is a silver coin graded NGC MS 61, indicating a mint state with excellent preservation, sharp details, and attractive luster, though with minor surface imperfections. The obverse features a crowned shield bearing the quartered arms of Poland and Lithuania, with the Vasa family arms at the center and the value “3” below, denoting its place in the Groschen system. The inscription “SIGIS 3 D G – REX P M D L” translates to “Sigismund III, by the Grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania.” The reverse displays an orb, symbolizing royal authority, with “24” (indicating 1/24 Thaler) and the date “(16)2 – 3” across the field, accompanied by the mintmaster’s mark below and the inscription “MONE NO – REGPOLO*” (New Money of the Kingdom of Poland). The coin’s clarity and craftsmanship highlight the expertise of the Bydgoszcz mint.

Numismatic Significance

Graded NGC MS 61, this Dreipölker is a notable example of early 17th-century Polish coinage, prized for its well-preserved condition. Coins from this period were often heavily circulated, making mint-state specimens like this one highly desirable among collectors. The quartered arms and Vasa emblem emphasize the political unity of Poland and Lithuania, while the mintmaster’s mark connects the coin to the operational standards of the Bydgoszcz mint. Its sharp strike and lustrous surfaces provide valuable insight into the numismatic artistry and monetary policies of Sigismund III’s reign, making it a significant addition to any collection.

Cultural and Economic Impact

The Dreipölker was a cornerstone of the Polish-Lithuanian economy, facilitating small transactions in markets and towns across the Commonwealth. Its silver content ensured its reliability as a medium of exchange, while its design—featuring the crowned shield and orb—served as a symbol of Sigismund III’s authority and the Commonwealth’s sovereignty. The Bydgoszcz mint, renowned for its quality output, played a critical role in sustaining the regional economy during a time of external conflicts and internal challenges, including religious strife between Catholics and Protestants. The coin’s inscriptions and symbols reflect the cultural cohesion of Poland and Lithuania, a hallmark of Sigismund III’s reign, despite the turbulent dynamics of his era.

Conclusion

The 1623 Bydgoszcz Dreipölker, graded NGC MS 61, is a remarkable artifact from the reign of Sigismund III Vasa, embodying the economic strength and political unity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Its well-preserved condition, intricate design, and historical significance make it a valued piece for numismatists, while its ties to the Bydgoszcz mint and the Vasa dynasty anchor it in the complex dynamics of early 17th-century Europe. This silver coin, with its crowned shield and enduring craftsmanship, stands as a testament to the artistry, power, and resilience of one of Europe’s great empires during a pivotal era.

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